Cartridge : Various handloaded .32NAA defensive bullets using pulled premium .32ACP JHP bullets. Firearm : Locked-breach test barrel with 2.75" barrel length. Calibration : 9.8 ± 0.05cm and 600 ± 0.500 ft/sec impact velocity. Federal 65 grain Hydra-Shok JHP ( 14.5 ± 0.031" (corrected) penetration, impacted at 1112 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.425 ± 0.0005" average diameter) Winchester 60 grain Super-X Silvertip hollowpoint ( 8.6 ± 0.031" (uncorrected) penetration, impacted at 1218 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.408 ± 0.0005" average diameter with total core-jacket separation) Speer 60 grain Gold Dot JHP ( 6.4 ± 0.031" (uncorrected) penetration, impacted at 1237 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.494 ± 0.0005" average diameter with total core-jacket separation) Magtech 71 grain JHP (11.6 ± 0.031” (corrected) penetration, impacted at 1097 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.446 ± 0.0005” average diameter) Hornady 60 grain XTP JHP (9.9 ± 0.031” (corrected) penetration, impacted at 1168 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.396 ± 0.0005” average diameter) Hornady 71 grain XTP JHP (10.8 ± 0.031” (corrected) penetration, impacted at 1104 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.442 ± 0.0005” average diameter) Hornady 76 grain XTP JHP (12.9 ± 0.031” (corrected) penetration, impacted at 1040 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.410 ± 0.0005” average diameter) Hornady 85 grain XTP JHP (exited block at 10.6 ± 0.031” (uncorrected) penetration, impacted at 988 ± 0.500 ft/sec, 0.368 ± 0.0005” average diameter) These were premium JHP bullets pulled from factory .32ACP cartridges and in the case of the 71 and 76 grain XTP bullets, modified by turning material off of the base of a 85 grain, 0.311" diameter XTP bullet.